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道衍

姚广孝,长洲人,本医家子。年十四,度为僧,名道衍,字斯道。事道士席应真,得其阴阳术数之学。尝游嵩山寺,相者袁珙见之曰:“是何异僧!目三角,形如病虎,性必嗜杀,刘秉忠流也。”道衍大喜。

洪武中,诏通儒书僧试礼部。不受官,赐僧服还。经北固山,赋诗怀古。其侪宗泐曰:“此岂释子语耶?”道衍笑不答。高皇后崩,太祖选高僧侍诸王,为诵经荐福。宗泐时为左善世,举道衍。燕王与语甚合,请以从。至北平,住持庆寿寺。出入府中,迹甚密,时时屏人语。及太祖崩,惠帝立,以次削夺诸王。周、湘、代、齐、岷相继得罪。道衍遂密劝成祖举兵。成祖曰:“民心向彼,奈何?”道衍曰:“臣知天道,何论民心。”乃进袁珙及卜者金忠。于是成祖意益决。阴选将校,勾军卒,收材勇异能之士。燕邸,故元宫也,深邃。道衍练兵后苑中。穴地作重屋,缭以厚垣,密甃翎甋瓶缶,日夜铸军器,畜鹅鸭乱其声。建文元年六月,燕府护卫百户倪谅上变。诏逮府中官属。都指挥张信输诚于成祖,成祖遂决策起兵。适大风雨至,檐瓦堕地,成祖色变。道衍曰:“祥也。飞龙在天,从以风雨。瓦堕,将易黄也。”兵起,以诛齐泰、黄子澄为名,号其众曰“靖难之师。”道衍辅世子居守。其年十月,成祖袭大宁,李景隆乘间围北平。道衍守御甚固,击却攻者。夜缒壮士击伤南兵。援师至,内外合击,斩首无算。景隆、平安等先后败遁。成祖围济南三月,不克。道衍驰书曰:“师老矣,请班师。”乃还。复攻东昌,战败,亡大将张玉,复还。成祖意欲稍休,道衍力趣之。益募勇士,败盛庸,破房昭西水寨。道衍语成祖:“毋下城邑,疾趋京师。京师单弱,势必举。”从之。遂连败诸将于淝河、灵璧,渡江入京师。

成祖即帝位,授道衍僧录司左善世。帝在籓邸,所接皆武人,独道衍定策起兵。及帝转战山东、河北,在军三年,或旋或否,战守机事皆决于道衍。道衍未尝临战阵,然帝用兵有天下,道衍力为多,论功以为第一。永乐二年四月,拜资善大夫、太子少师。复其姓,赐名广孝,赠祖父如其官。帝与语,呼少师而不名。命蓄发,不肯。赐第及两宫人,皆不受。常居僧寺,冠带而朝,退仍缁衣。。出振苏、湖。至长洲,以所赐金帛散宗族乡人。重修《太祖实录》,广孝为监修。又与解缙等纂修《永乐大典》。书成,帝褒美之。帝往来两都、出塞北征,广孝皆留辅太子于南京。五年四月,皇长孙出阁就学,广孝侍说书。

十六年三月,入观,年八十有四矣,病甚,不能朝,仍居庆寿寺。车驾临视者再,语甚欢,赐以金睡壶。问所欲言,广孝曰:“僧溥洽系久,愿赦之。”溥洽者,建文帝主录僧也。初,帝入南京,有言建文帝为僧遁去,溥洽知状,或言匿溥洽所。帝乃以他事禁溥洽。而命给事中胡濙等遍物色建文帝,久之不可得。溥洽坐系十余年。至是,帝以广孝言,即命出之。广孝顿首谢。寻卒。帝震悼,辍视朝二日,命有司治丧,以僧礼葬。追赠推诚辅国协谋宣力文臣、特进荣禄大夫、上柱国、荣国公,谥恭靖。赐葬房山县东北。帝亲制神道碑志其功。官其养子继尚宝少卿。

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