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社会主义“倒奶”和资本主义倒奶的区别(转载)

最近的毒牛奶事件, 见新闻《伊利、蒙牛暂停收购 奶农每日流泪倒掉鲜奶》使得社会主义“倒奶”现象越来越普遍了。转发几年前的倒奶考题。

社会主义“倒奶”和资本主义倒奶的区别(转载)
2006年考研题--

35.自2002年以来,南京、成都、石家庄等地相继发生奶农把鲜奶倒入下水道的事件。另据2004年7月15日中央电视台《经济半小时》报道,进入夏季 之后,浙江某市160多户奶农也频频把鲜奶倒入水沟,有时在一天内倒掉14吨。倒奶那几天,畜牧兽医站的工作人员分头外出,帮助奶农联系收购鲜奶的企业, 但收效甚微。时隔一年,这样的事件又见诸媒体。2005年8月 11日新华网报道,陕西某村十几家奶农无奈把鲜奶倒进污水沟。为帮助奶农售奶,当地政府联系了一家公司,收奶价格是每公斤1.2元。可就是这样的低价,该 企业后来也不收了。人们不禁要问:如今牛奶多得喝不完了吗?其实,全球年人均奶类消费量为93公斤,中国仅为7.2公斤。奶农倒奶固然与牛奶易变质且不能 大量贮存有关,但前几年一些地方农民一窝蜂地饲养奶牛,鲜奶的供应大量增加。同时,很多企业纷纷介入乳品加工业,有些产品尚未达标上市,消费者不敢购买。 当乳品销路不好时,企业便限量收购鲜奶。
          
  根据以上材料回答问题
          
  (1)历史上资本主义国家经济危机时农场主把牛奶倒入大海的现象,与材料中的“倒奶事件”有何本质区别?(3分)
          
  (2)“倒奶事件”中隐含着什么样的经济规律?(3分)
          
  (3)为避免发生类似的“倒奶事件”,你认为地方政府应如何作为?(4分)
          
  参考答案:
          
  (1)从表象看,两者都是牛奶供给过剩。但是,前者反映的是生产社会化与生产资料资本主义私有制之间的矛盾,是资本主义生产关系与生产力矛盾的体现;后者主要是市场体系不够完善,鲜奶销售渠道不畅导致的结果,不是经济危机的征兆。(3分)
          
  (2)这个案例说明,价值规律是商品经济的基本规律,它通过市场机制自发地起作用,不依人的意志为转移,具有客观性。人们过多、过快地把生产资料和劳 动力投入到奶牛养殖和乳品加工行业,一旦供过于求,企业就会压缩鲜奶收购量,奶农只好倒奶。(2分)这个案例还说明,市场调节具有盲目性和滞后性,导致了 试?的浪费,政府有必要对市场进行适度干预,逐步提高驾驭市场的能力。(1分)
          
  (3)由于奶农和企业往往缺乏充分的信息和对市场风险足够的认识,因此,地方政府有必要予以引导和服务。如着力帮助奶农和企业进行市场预测和分析,开 展事前的供需调研;制定科学、合理的产业规划,形成较为完善的农业产业化链条;采取优惠措施,帮助企业和奶农开拓乳品市场,尤其是农村市场,扩大内需;监 督奶农和企业严格执行产品质量标准,促使其改进生产技术。(4分)

转自天涯

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